Disclaimer: This season is not based of models of real 1995 Storms. All of these storms are based of my own thought but there is relation in real storms and Force Thirteen's WMHB seasons, but not exact tracks, categories, wind speeds, and pressure. |
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The 1995 Atlantic Hurricane Season is a hyper-active season, with 30 storms forming. The season officially began on June 1, 1995, and lasted until November 30, 1995.
It is the most active season at that time, until being tied for 2005 and surpassed by 2011. It is also a very destructive season, and has the most amount of major hurricanes, with the number of 13. It is also the first season to use Greek names, with the next being 1996. Out of 13 major hurricanes, five of them - Sebastien, Wendy, Delta, Zeta and Eta, are responsible of most of the destruction. Delta causes a lot of damage, amounting $120 billion (1995 USD), making it costliest at that time, and first to do a Category 5 landfall since Dana. Delta causes 388 deaths, and leaving the hard hit areas a pile of rubble. Sebastien is another destructive hurricane, slashing the Caribbean up to Atlantic Canada, causing $40 billion (1995 USD) worth of damage. Wendy, Zeta and Eta are another destructive hurricanes, which affects different areas. Other storms are moderately destructive, such as Gabrielle, Hugo, Jerry, Karen, Beta, and Opal. This season uses 9 Greek names, which also tied with 2005 but 2011 has more.
Seasonal forecasts[]
Source | Date | Named storms |
Hurricanes | Major hurricanes |
CSU | December 1994 | 17 | 11 | 5 |
WRC | February | 20 | 13 | 7 |
CSU | April | 18 | 12 | 5 |
CSU | June | 17 | 10 | 6 |
Actual activity | 30 | 22 | 13 |
Forecasts of hurricane activity are issued before each hurricane season by noted hurricane experts such as Dr. William M. Gray and his associates at Colorado State University (CSU) and the Weather Research Center (WRC).
In late 1994, CSU predicted that the season will be hyper-active, with 17 tropical storms, 11 hurricanes and 5 major hurricanes. CSU noted an above average season due to expectations that the existing El Niño would dissipate, while a La Niña would develop by the summer of 1995. A year with heavier precipitation in this region usually correlates with an active Atlantic hurricane season. In April 1995, CSU slightly revised their forecast, increasing the number of named storms to 18, hurricanes to 12, and major hurricanes to 5. However, in June, CSU reverted to their December forecast, with some modifications, which called for 17 named storms, 10 hurricanes, and 6 major hurricanes. The forecast by the WRC in February was 20 named storms, 13 hurricanes, and 7 major hurricanes.
Season summary[]
Seasonal Activity[]
The Atlantic hurricane season officially began on June 1, and activity in 1995 began on the next day with the formation of Hurricane Alicia on June 2. It was a record active season in which 30 tropical depressions formed, 30 of which attained tropical storm status, 22 of these attained hurricane status and 13 of which attained major hurricane status. At the time, it was the most active season on record. It is now the second most active season alongside 2005. The 1995 season would be the beginning of an active period in the Atlantic basin, which has lasted for over 20 years. The last storm of the season, Hurricane Iota, became extratropical on November 3, over four weeks before the official end of the season on November 30.
Tropical cyclogenesis in the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season began with the development of Hurricane Alicia on June 2. A total of eleven storms formed in August — Iris, Jerry, Karen, Luis, Michelle, Noel, Opal, Pablo, Roxanne, Sebastien and Tanya — making the season with most number of storms formed in August at that time. Although September is the climatological peak of hurricane season, it was much less active than August. Seven tropical cyclones developed in September, with Wendy, Beta, Delta and Epsilon, eventually strengthening into hurricanes. Four tropical cyclones also formed in October. The last storm of the season, Hurricane Iota, developed later in October and eventually became extratropical on November 3.
Storm Summary[]
June and July[]
Just two days after the official start of the season, Hurricane Alicia formed. Alicia makes landfall on Florida as a category 2, causing 15 deaths and $80 million (1995 USD) in damage.
Tropical Storm Barry formed in the Caribbean Sea on June 9, and makes landfall on Mexico as a tropical storm. The storm causes minimal damage.
Tropical Storm Chelsea almost did as same as Barry, but a bit southwesterly. Like Barry, Chelsea causes minimal damage and 4 fatalities.
Hurricane Dorian moves northeastward and slashes Newfoundland as a minimal hurricane. It relatively causes minimal impact and no deaths.
As a tropical wave, it moves westward, becoming Tropical Storm Erin. Due to favorable conditions, Erin became a moderately strong hurricane, with no damage reported although huge waves reported in some areas.
Tropical Storm Felix strikes Mexico as a tropical storm, causing $7 million damage (1995 USD).
On July 25, Hurricane Gabrielle formed. Once it entered the Gulf, it became a hurricane. It hits Texas as a category 2, causing moderate damage with an amount of $325 million (1995 USD) and 52 deaths, mostly caused by drowning.
Two days after Gabrielle formed, Hurricane Hugo forms at the Atlantic and threatened the Gulf Coast. Hugo strengthened into category 4 while on Gulf, causing people to evacuate. Hugo hits Texas as a tropical storm, but it still causes $280 million (1995 USD) in damage and 31 deaths.
August[]
Tropical Storm Iris formed and hits Mexico, but still not cause any major damage or deaths.
Hurricane Jerry formed on eastern Atlantic, and the conditions were favorable. Jerry strengthened to a high-end category 4 with peak winds of 250 kph and 916 mbar. It causes swells and some damage on Bermuda when Jerry was crossing as a category 2. It posed a threat to New England but did not strike the area or directly affect it. Jerry still causes $300 million (1995 USD) and 5 deaths, mostly on Bermuda.
On August 7, Karen forms, and hits Mexico as a category 2. It caused $110 million (1995 USD) of damage, and also killed 12 people.
Hurricane Luis formed on August 8, It strengthened into a weak hurricane, but also not further strengthened as it become extratropical on August 15.
Hurricane Michelle formed on August 21, and favorable conditions allowed Michelle to strengthen. Michelle reached it's peak of 230 kph winds and 942 mbar. No damage or fatalities were associated with the storm.
Hurricane Noel also become a category 4 hurricane, with peak winds of 230 kph and 945 mbar. Noel did not caused any damage or deaths.
On August 22, Hurricane Opal formed. and hits Florida as a category 1. Opal caused heavy winds, flooding and storm surge in Florida, and ended up causing $520 million (1995 USD) worth of damage and 8 deaths. Most of the deaths were caused by drowning.
Tropical Storm Pablo hits Mexico as a tropical storm, causing minimal damage and 2 deaths. The one were caused by a landslide and another from drowning.
Hurricane Roxanne formed in the open waters with warmer temperatures and low wind shear, allowing it to strengthen. It became category 4 hurricane. However, it caused minimal damage due to it is far from landmass. Two deaths were reported.
Hurricane Sebastien formed in late-August and due to favorable conditions. It strengthened into a major hurricane quick and become a Category 4 while approaching Caribbean. It weakened into category 3, but still slashed Caribbean with it's major hurricane force winds. It strengthened into category 5, with peak winds of 305 kph and pressure of 895 mbar. It threatened the East Coast, and goes northeastward, but the eye is so close to the landmass so catastrophic damage is reported. It caused further damage in New England until it turns extratropical. Overall, it caused $40 billion (1995 USD) and 564 fatalities.
Hurricane Tanya formed in Eastern Atlantic and become a minimal hurricane. It does not cause any damage or deaths in it's path.
September[]
Tropical Storm Van formed on September 8, and does not cause any damage or deaths.
Hurricane Wendy formed on September 10 and moved northwestward while strengthening. It makes landfall on Hispaniola as a category 3, and further intensified into category 4. However, it turned north and weakened and become extratropical on September 19. Wendy caused $6 billion (1995 USD) damage and 74 deaths on it's path.
Tropical Storm Alpha formed in Caribbean Sea, and hits Mexico as a tropical storm. It causes minimal damage and 8 deaths,
Hurricane Beta formed on September 16, and strengthened to Category 1 hurricane. It causes moderate damage amounting to $250 million and 12 deaths in it's path, mostly in Gulf Coast.
Tropical Storm Gamma formed on September 18, and dissipated three days later. No damages were associated with the storm.
Hurricane Delta formed on September 23. It strengthened into Category 1 hurricane while hitting Yucatan. After re-entering the Gulf, it moves northeastward and become a category 5 hurricane with peak winds of 345 kph and 886 mbar, making one of the strongest hurricanes. It hits the Gulf Coast as a category 5 hurricane, causing catastrophic damage in Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi. It's Category 5 force winds, storm surge, and heavy rainfall halted relief efforts in the area. Overall, Delta caused $120 billion (1995 USD) damage and 388 deaths, mostly from drowning. Delta is one of the costliest hurricanes at that time and one of the never-forget hurricanes in history.
Hurricane Epsilon is formed on September 25, and threatens the Caribbean. However, Epsilon turned north after becoming category 3 and only caused $75 million (1995 USD) and 8 deaths.
October[]
On early October, Hurricane Zeta formed. threatens the Caribbean while in it's peak intensity. It passes near the Caribbean, causing $3.8 billion (1995 USD) and 13 deaths.
Hurricane Eta formed in Caribbean Sea. It become a strong hurricane which crossed Yucatan and makes a small loop. It hits Mexico as a weak tropical storm. It overall causes $5.2 billion (1995 USD) in damage and 185 deaths.
Hurricane Theta formed near Caribbean, but strengthened far from the landmass. It caused some swells in Bermuda before becoming extratropical. It causes $20 million (1995 USD) damage and 22 deaths.
Hurricane Iota, the last storm of the season, formed in the Central Atlantic. It strengthen into category 2 hurricane, causing no damage or deaths, even though it caused rainfall on Azores. It become extratropical on November 3.
Systems[]
Hurricane Alicia[]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 2 – June 7 |
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Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) 980 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Barry[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 9 – June 13 |
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Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min) 1003 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Chelsea[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | June 15 – June 22 |
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Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min) 992 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Dorian[]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 5 – July 10 |
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Peak intensity | 75 mph (120 km/h) (1-min) 978 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Erin[]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 9 – July 18 |
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Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min) 972 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Felix[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 13 – July 15 |
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Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min) 1002 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Gabrielle[]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 25 – August 1 |
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Peak intensity | 110 mph (175 km/h) (1-min) 968 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Hugo[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 27 – August 4 |
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Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min) 940 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Iris[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 3 – August 5 |
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Peak intensity | 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min) 998 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Jerry[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 6 – August 25 |
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Peak intensity | 155 mph (250 km/h) (1-min) 916 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Karen[]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 7 – August 13 |
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Peak intensity | 105 mph (165 km/h) (1-min) 968 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Luis[]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 8 – August 15 |
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Peak intensity | 90 mph (150 km/h) (1-min) 969 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Michelle[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 21 – September 2 |
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Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min) 942 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Noel[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 22 – September 5 |
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Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min) 945 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Opal[]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 22 – August 28 |
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Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min) 977 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Pablo[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 24 – August 26 |
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Peak intensity | 40 mph (65 km/h) (1-min) 1003 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Roxanne[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 26 – September 6 |
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Peak intensity | 140 mph (220 km/h) (1-min) 939 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Sebastien[]
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 28 – September 13 |
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Peak intensity | 190 mph (305 km/h) (1-min) 895 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Tanya[]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | August 29 – September 6 |
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Peak intensity | 80 mph (130 km/h) (1-min) 983 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Van[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 8 – September 12 |
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Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 1002 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Wendy[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 10 – September 19 |
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Peak intensity | 150 mph (240 km/h) (1-min) 923 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Alpha[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 14 – September 18 |
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Peak intensity | 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min) 993 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Beta[]
Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 16 – September 21 |
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Peak intensity | 85 mph (140 km/h) (1-min) 970 mbar (hPa) |
Tropical Storm Gamma[]
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 18 – September 21 |
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Peak intensity | 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min) 998 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Delta[]
Category 5 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 23 – October 6 |
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Peak intensity | 215 mph (345 km/h) (1-min) 886 mbar (hPa) |
Main Article: Hurricane Delta (1995, Farm River)
Hurricane Epsilon[]
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 25 – October 7 |
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Peak intensity | 120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min) 958 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Zeta[]
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 4 – October 14 |
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Peak intensity | 120 mph (195 km/h) (1-min) 962 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Eta[]
Category 4 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 6 – October 20 |
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Peak intensity | 130 mph (215 km/h) (1-min) 946 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Theta[]
Category 3 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 19 – October 28 |
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Peak intensity | 115 mph (185 km/h) (1-min) 972 mbar (hPa) |
Hurricane Iota[]
Category 2 hurricane (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 27 – November 3 |
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Peak intensity | 100 mph (155 km/h) (1-min) 965 mbar (hPa) |
Storm Names[]
Here are the storm names used in the 1995 season. The names not retired will be used again in the 2001 season. This is the same list used in 1989 except for Michelle, which replaces Marilyn. This is also the first season to use the Greek alphabet. The names Michelle, Van, Wendy, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Eta, Theta, Iota were used for the first time.
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Greek Names
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Retirement[]
In the spring of 1996, the World Meteorological Organization retired five names: Sebastien, Wendy, Delta, Zeta and Eta due to loss of life and damage caused by these storms. This will be replaced by Steve and Winona for 2001 Season.
In 1996, the World Meteorological Organization determined that a Greek name can be retired in a particular season, but will be reused if needed in the future.
Season Effects[]
Storm name |
Dates active | Storm category at peak intensity |
Max 1-min wind mph (km/h) |
Min. press. (mbar) |
Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | |||
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Alicia | June 2 - June 7 | Category 2 hurricane | 100 mph (155 kph) | 980 | Yucatan Peninsula, Gulf Coast, Bermuda | 80 | 15 | |||
Barry | June 9 - June 13 | Tropical storm | 45 mph (75 kph) | 1003 | Cuba, Yucatan, Mexico and Texas | 12 | 8 | |||
Chelsea | June 16 - June 22 | Tropical storm | 65 mph (100 kph) | 992 mbar | Cuba, Yucatan, Mexico, | 17 | 4 | |||
Dorian | July 5 - July 10 | Category 1 hurricane | 75 mph (120 kph) | 978 | Bahamas, Newfoundland | Minimal | None | |||
Erin | July 9 - July 18 | Category 2 hurricane | 105 mph (165 kph) | 972 | Bermuda | None | None | |||
Felix | July 13 - July 15 | Tropical storm | 40 mph (65 kph) | 1002 | Belize, Yucatan, Mexico | 7 | None | |||
Gabrielle | July 25 - August 1 | Category 2 hurricane | 110 mph (175 kph) | 968 | Cuba, Florida, Mexico, Texas | 375 | 52 | |||
Hugo | July 27 - August 4 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 mph (220 kph) | 940 | Cuba, Florida, Texas, Louisiana | 280 | 31 | |||
Iris | August 3 - August 5 | Tropical storm | 45 mph (75 kph) | 998 | Yucatan, Mexico | 12 | 2 | |||
Jerry | August 6 - August 25 | Category 4 hurricane | 155 mph (250 kph) | 916 | New England, Cape Verde, Bermuda, Azores | 300 | 5 | |||
Karen | August 7 - August 13 | Category 2 hurricane | 105 mph (165 kph) | 968 | Cuba, Mexico | 110 | 12 | |||
Luis | August 8 - August 15 | Category 1 hurricane | 90 mph (150 kph) | 967 | None | None | None | |||
Michelle | August 21 - September 2 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 mph (220 kph) | 942 | Cape Verde, Azores | None | None | |||
Noel | August 22 - September 5 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 mph (220 kph) | 945 | None | None | None | |||
Opal | August 22 - August 28 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 mph (130 kph) | 977 | Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Bahamas, Cuba | 520 | 8 | |||
Pablo | August 24 - August 26 | Tropical storm | 40 mph (65 kph) | 1003 | Mexico | Minimal | 2 | |||
Roxanne | August 26 - September 6 | Category 4 hurricane | 140 mph (220 kph) | 939 | Bermuda, East Coast | Minimal | 2 | |||
Sebastien | August 28 - September 13 | Category 5 hurricane | 190 mph (305 kph) | 895 | Cape Verde, Eastern Caribbean, Bahamas, East Coast, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland | 40000 | 564 | |||
Tanya | August 29 - September 6 | Category 1 hurricane | 80 mph (130 kph) | 983 | Cape Verde | None | None | |||
Van | September 8 - September 12 | Tropical storm | 50 mph(85 kph) | 1002 | None | None | None | |||
Wendy | September 10 - September 19 | Category 4 hurricane | 150 mph (240 kph) | 923 | Lesser Antilles, Hispaniola, New York, Nova Scotia | 6000 | 74 | |||
Alpha | September 14 - September 18 | Tropical storm | 65 mph (100 kph) | 993 | Mexico, Texas, Yucatan | 20 | 8 | |||
Beta | September 16 - September 21 | Category 1 hurricane | 85 mph (140 kph) | 970 | Cuba, Alabama, Florida | 250 | 12 | |||
Gamma | September 18 - September 21 | Tropical storm | 50 mph (85 kph) | 998 | None | None | None | |||
Delta | September 23 - October 6 | Category 5 hurricane | 215 mph (345 kph) | 886 | Yucatan, Belize, Lesser Antilles, Jamaica, Mexico, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana | 120000 | 388 | |||
Epsilon | September 25 - October 7 | Category 3 hurricane | 120 mph (195 kph) | 958 | Newfoundland | 75 | 8 | |||
Zeta | October 4 - October 14 | Category 3 hurricane | 120 mph (195 kph) | 962 | Lesser Antilles, Bermuda, Newfoundland | 3800 | 13 | |||
Eta | October 6 - October 20 | Category 4 hurricane | 130 mph (215 kph) | 946 | Belize, Yucatan, Honduras, Texas, Mexico | 5200 | 185 | |||
Theta | October 19 - October 28 | Category 3 hurricane | 115 mph (185 kph) | 972 | Lesser Antilles, Bermuda, Newfoundland | 20 | 22 | |||
Iota | October 27 - November 3 | Category 2 hurricane | 100 mph (155 kph) | 965 | Azores | None | None | |||
Season aggregates | ||||||||||
30 systems | June 2 - November 3 | 215 mph (345 kph) | 886 | $176.953 billion (1995 USD) | 1415 |